Drug-using employees take three times as many sick benefits as other workers. They are five times more likely to file a worker's compensation claim. (TE Backer, Strategic Planning for Workforce Drug Abuse Programs, NIDA, 1987, p.4)

6.6% of Americans employed in full-time jobs report heavy drinking.... 4.9% of part-timers. (National Institute of Drug <NIDA>, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse <NHSDA>: Main Finding 1997, 4/99 p.11)

70% of all current adult illegal drug users ages 18-49 are employed full-time.... (US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration <SAMHSA> new release, 9/8/99)

Shortfalls in productivity and employment among individuals with drug related problems cost the American Economy in 1992... 14.2 billion dollars. (NIDA and National Institute on Alchoholism and Alcohol Abuse <NIAAA>, "The Economic Cost of Alcohol and Drug Abuse," 1992 (preprint copy) 5/98, p.5-1)